The complex is established to show the 13th century lifestyles and culture of the Great Mongol Empire. Currently, there are 6 different camps and tribes of the empire and it is the only place you can visit the ancient micro kingdom of the 13th century and experience the genuine way of living and working during that time. Horse relay postal system, Urtuu was created under the Chinghis khaan reign. Uguudei Khaan, the son of Chinghis Khaan developed horse relay service as postal man would be able to rest, eat and change the tired riding horses in every 30km  between the stations.

Mongolian territory stretches 3000 km from east to west. Altai Tavan Bogd Mountain locates in the western borderline of Mongolia. The 5 highest peak of Mongol Altai mountain range called “Tavan bogd”, extends 900 kilometers. Mongolians name “bogd” the high mountains which they respect. Five high peaks are more than 4000 m above sea level and one of them is Mongolian highest point “Khuiten peak”. In 1956, mountaineer have climbed up to “Khuiten peak”, 4374 m high above sea level since then over 1200 foreign and Mongolian mountaineers climbed. The five peaks are covered with eternal snow cap.

20 km long glacier flows in the canyon. There are magnificent river, fast flowing fresh water in the slope of the mountain. In June and July, over 100 kinds of flowers grow, and the snow capped peaks reflects in the beautiful clear lake that is thousands of endangered animals pasture. There are plenty of sites of petro glyphs, carved gravestones, cave paintings, deer shrine graphics, archaeological findings  left from the ancient people lived in the 3000 BC.

All these marvelous scenery attracts many tourists. One of the Mongolian ethnic group, Khazakhs live in this mountainous area. They hunt with eagles, perform the Kazakhs khuumii, national throat singing voice. Many tourists like to go for trekking near glacier, see flowers, explore Khazakhs lifestyle and eagle hunting, see the trace of ancient people such as petro glyphs.

Potanin glacier: Is a huge mass of ice caused by the pressure of gravity on high mountain areas. The Potanin ice river was discovered between1876-1899 by Russian scientist G.Potanin while he was doing a research in Mongolia, thus the river was named after him.

Potanin glacier is the largest glacier in Mongolia, 20 km long and 5 km wide. It is considered the glacier was formed 2 million years ago. In 1983, geography scientists studied and defined the total area as being 659km2. In 2005, Scientists researched and found that the ice has melted 378-242 cm. If global warming and climate change continue at their alarming rate, by 2090 the glacier ice will have been completely melted.

This monastery was built for the memory of Bogd Zanabazar‘s skills, wisdom, intellect, accomplishment, talent, artistic skill and a wisdom, by the order Manchu Emperor, Enkh-Amgalan khaan in 1725. Bogd Zanabazar was a great leader of Mongolians. Amarbayasgalant means “peaceful happiness”. When looking for a site to build the temple, the exploratory group met a boy and a girl named Amar and Bayasgalant, respectively. So these children were playing in a steppe, due to their nature that it was decided that a future monastery at that site would be built and named after those children. When Buddhism was flourishing in Mongolia, the monastery consisted over 50 temples and 6.000 monks. Today, 28 temples of them still stand. During the anti buddhist purges in 1937-1938, hundreds of monks were repressed; their rare deities, artifacts, thangka, statues, and manuscripts were looted without rebuilding or compensation. Later in 1943, The Amarbayasgalant monastery was taken under state protection and reconstructed. The temple has kept the ashes from the burials of III, IV Bogd, leader of Mongolian buddism, they have become religious artifacts.

The monastery keeps many important original scripts of cultural heritage including: the 108 volumes of Ganjuur, and the 226 volumes of Danjuur. The original script of these volumes were written in 1628 and they contain 1260 parts including ancient philosophy, medicine, geography, art, science, music and astronomy.

Next to the Amarbayasgalant monastery, there is a stupa called “Jarun hashor” or “lost the promise”. The legend of this stupa is that, in order to accumulate merit a good hearted old lady wished to build a stupa. To accomplish this she first asked permission from the king. The kings reply stated that she could do what she wished. The old lady started building the stupa with the help of 4 boys and 1 servant. The local ministries refused it and pleaded to the king that a poor lady building a stupa would be harmful to the king’s reputation and the ministries. The king replied that he had already given permission to her so he would not break the promise. That is why the stupa is called “Jarun hashor” or “lost the promise”. Also, it is called the “Eye stupa”, because if the prayers look at the eye on the stupa, all their sin goes away. There is also a 13 m tall Bogd Zonkhoba image with his 2 disciples and 108 stairs.

(Baldan Bereeven Monastery, “Bereeven” is translated as “rice boiling over”) Baldan Bereeven Monastery – the second largest Buddhist institution in Mongolia -is situated in the front of Mountain Munkh-Ulziit in Umnodelger soum of Khentii province in the eastern part of Mongolia, 300 kilometers far from Ulaanbaatar city. At the end of the 17th century, the Khan of Mongolia invited Lama Tseweendorj to his court and asked him to build the monastery Bereeven somewhere in the east.

While searching for a suitable place for the monastery, Lama Tseweendorj arrived at a pleasant valley in the south of the Delgerkhaan mountain range in which the Khentii Province is now. At the foot of Mountain Munkh-Ulziit, he found a poor family's camp. Lama Tseweendorj met an old couple named Baldan and Zepelmaa, who invited him into their home. As he entered the old couple’s home, he was greeted with the auspicious sign of a pot of rice boiling over on the fire.  The Lama took some of the rice. He immediately understood that the rice and the significant names of the old couple were auspicious signs. He therefore selected this area as the place where the monastery would be built. In addition to the rice, they noticed that the mountains surrounding the valley in each of the four cardinal directions resembled important Buddhist protector deities. The construction of Baldan Bereeven began with the erection of a small yellow temple built with local materials. A statue of the god Manzushir, carved from a huge stone by the Lama Tseweendorj himself, was placed at the center of the temple. Construction continued with four storied building of the main temple "Tsogchin Dugan" and named “Bileg –Ulziit” near the first temple. The ground floor alone contained 64 angular pillars and was accessed through three different gates facing east, south, and west. Religious flags were hung at each corner and the roof ridge was richly decorated with gold plated Buddhist symbols such as Soyombo, Mirrors, Dug, Jantsan, Khorol, and the holy antelopes. The next building was constructed the theological department which included sections for astrology, philosophy, and medicine. The monastery soon became one of the most important Buddhist centers in Mongolia, inhabited by 5000-6000 monks. It took nearly 76 years to complete the building construction, was started in 1700s and finished around 1776. For centuries the Baldan Bereeven monastery was famous throughout the "Ar Khalkh" region for its many scholars, lamas, artwork, and cultural treasures. Behind the monastery special formation of rock which is called womb symbolizing rebirth.

Between 1937 and 1939, religious persecution became common and a political opposition began to form. Almost all monasteries, like Baldan Bereeven, have been destroyed during that time. At Baldan Bereeven, "The Yellow Temple," the entire surroundings were destroyed and only the ruins of the buildings remained. For over 60 years it was forbidden to visit the monastery.  In 1990s a democracy in Mongolia, a number of monks reestablished some part of the monastery along with the locals. The surrounding rocks of the monastery have been remained with its religious carvings which prove the history of that time.

Uighar city ruin, Baibalik, is situated 14km to west from the center of Khutag-Undur soum, Bulgan province and locals also call it Biibulag. 44 line of inscription was written on the stele which was built in Saikhan soum, Bulgan province. In the inscription, Uighar king Myunchur says that “I ordered to establish Baibalik city on bank of Selenge River”. Therefore, researchers claim that this city was built by Myunchur, a king of Uighar. Since its construction, the city had always been visited by Sogd (current Tajikistan) and Chinese merchants, Sogd preachers.

They did a missionary work and translated Buddhist writings into Uighar language. Baibalik was a flourishing city and one of cultural centers in central Asia of that period. There were two fortresses built of clay in the city.  But most part of them collapsed and only east and north section of the northern fortress remained currently. This remained fortress is 4m high and 2m thick. Many tiny holes on the fortress are supposed to have been used for observing outside. On northern fortress of the city there was a large temple surrounded by lions of male and female. In 840, Baibalik city was destroyed by Kyrgyz nomadic tribes from Yenisei River. All books and sutras were burned during this destruction.  

This cairn of rock located on a special establishment built by shurgaag tree is situated in Batshireet Soum, Khentii province. To the southeast about 1 km far from the cairn, there is Rashaan Khad covered with various kind of stamp marks and ancient petroglyphs. These distinctive stamp marks and cave drawings belong to a different period of history. Drawings on the rock include ancient animals like a first mammal rhino, a lion, the most long lived huge mammal and an elephant. These drawings proved that ancient people living around the Khentii range 40000-14000 years ago had been living by hunting these animals.  

Bugiin Tsav is situated 50km to north from Khermen Tsav in Bulgan Soum, Umnugobi province. The area is rich in fossilized dinosaur finds. Fossils of many different species like dinosaurs, a turtle, a fish and a mollusk along with interesting traces showing their lifestyle lie on the ground everywhere and it really pique researcher’s interest as well as people’s interest. Skeleton of carnivorous Tarbosaurus found in the area is now being kept as a show in the Museum of Mongolian Natural History. Bugiin Tsav is a special protected area in the national park, Gobi Gurvan Saikhan.

Dadal - legendary birthplace of Chinghis Khaan: Dadal Soum in the Khentii province is the legendary birthplace of Chinghis Khaan. As it is written in “The Secret History of the Mongols”, Great Chinghis Khaan was born at the tributary of the Onon and Balj rivers in the current region of Dadal Soum. In 2000, Onon-Balj is a National Park which covers 400,000 hectare of land in this region. The Dadal region is a gorgeous area with lakes, rivers and forest.

The Monument of the great Chinghis khaan in Dadal Soum is located next to the Gurvan Nuur spring, which means “Three Lakes” and it is naturally beautiful area. The historical stone monument built in 1962 was constructed to commemorate the 800th anniversary of Chinghis Khaan’s birth. This 12m high, 4m thick and 10m based monument was designed by sculptor, L.Makhbal. There is an inscription of Mongolian traditional script on the monument saying “Chinghis Khaan myself don’t matter if only my state is in peace and in order”. On the back of the monument is written another inscription saying - “Dedicated to the 800 years birth anniversary of Chinghis Khaan, a founder of the Mongol Empire”.

This 500-600km long earth fortress stretches from west of old center of Baruun-Adarga Soum of Khentii province passing north of Lake Sain Tsagaan through Norovlin Soum, Bayandun Soum, Dornod province and Khermyn Khudag in a terrain of 3 Soums, Tsagaan-Ovoo, Sergelen, Gurvanzagal. It discontinues at several parts and only some parts or 300km of the fortress is in a Mongolian territory. There are some small earth fortresses measuring 40m x 50m where guards sat in.

For instance, Durvuljin Buudal, Ulzyn Undur, Dovyn Kherem, Mogoin Adagiin Kherem, Uguumuryn Kherem, Delgerekhyn Tal and Bayanbulagyn Kherem. It is said that it takes midday or a whole day to travel between each fortress. Some of them are 8-12km apart from each other. There were no traces that someone lived in the fortress, but vase and bowl remains were found. Fortresses like them are said to have found in large numbers along Chinghisyn Dalan. It is also said that fortresses of midday are shape triangular and fortresses of whole day are shaped square. In southern Mongolia there are also places like it. For example, in Nomgon Soum, Khurmen Soum, Bayandalay Soum and Noyon Soum of Umnugobi province, there is a long earth fortress also called Chinghisyn Dalan. Researchers suppose that these fortresses once were a border of any foreign country. But it hasn’t been researched completely until today.

Chuluut River in Undur-Ulaan Soum in Arkhangai province comes from mountain Eg of the Khangai mountain range and flows about 415km, forming river Selenge, the biggest river of Mongolia, by joining Delger River and Ider River. Chuluut River flows through 20m-deep steep canyon of basaltic rock for about 100km from the river-mouth of Teel River till Atsat River. A basaltic rock is magma flew from the volcano Khorgo and other volcanoes near it. There is a small waterfall flowing down from a steep rock near a confluence of Suman and Chuluut rivers. This waterfall is known as Choidogyn Borgio and it is interesting to see fish gathered from Chuluut and Selenge rivers flashing the surface upwards waterfall. Chuluut River canyon is rich with springs of hydro carbonate, sulfate and sodium, and contains many petro glyphs date back to Neolithic and Bronze Age. These cave paintings include unique depictions such as images of 6 women giving a birth, a man shooting with a bow and an arrow, herds of ibex and deer, a man standing with raised hands, oxen, mountain sheep, profiled paintings of men and a masked man. These paintings were taken under state protection in 1998.

It was one of the most important parts of current Ulaanbaatar city. In the past, Dashchoilin Monastery hosted numerous scientists and monks from all over Mongolia. In 1990 the Zuun Khuree Dashchoilin Monastery was restored. It now has more than 100 monks, three temples-Tsogchen, Sakhius and Gandanchoinkhorlin-and many rare statues. Dashchoilin Monastery in Ulaanbaatar is known by conducting ceremonies such as Maitreya and Tsam religion mask dance every year. In 1998, the Zuun Khuree College was created to provide general education for the community; including basic Buddhist teachings, Buddhist Philosophy and training in Indian, Tibetan and Mongolian languages.

Mongolia's most vast steppe is called the Menen steppe, located in the Dornod province, 60 km to the west of Lake Buir and elevated 600m above sea level. This is one of the biggest steppes in the world also it is unique because it has largely remained undeveloped. This vast steppe continues all the way till the east side of Mongolia, to Dariganga volcano. The Steppe zone stretches to River Khalkh in the north and lies east of the Khyangan mountain range.

The steppe is divided into 2 main parts: the north side of Kherlen, the south side of Tamsag. The lowest point of this steppe in Mongolia lies in the northern area of the Kherlen. Mongolian famous poet B.Yavuukhulan described the steppe as: “Seeing the sunrise from closer distance than lassoing the horse is amazing” (it means Mongolians lasso the horse from very close, looking the sunrise from very close is more amazing).

Elsen tasarkhai is a part of the Mongol Els sand dunes, which stretchs along the Tuv, Uvurkhangai and Bulgan provinces. The sand dunes are totally 80 km long. Dividing the southern part of the sand dunes with the so-called northern Mongolian sand, Khugnu Tarna is a main road. River Tarna flows in the western part of the sand dunes and it is sodden under its surfaces, so shrubberies such as willow, elm, dogwood, shrubbery grow there. In the north, there is the rocky and woody mountain “Khugnu khan”. Ikh Mongol which defines the central point of Mongolia lies in the south of the sand dunes. The widest section of the sand dune is located in the Ikh Mongol mountain area and covers an area of 9-10 km2. It is not loose sand so that half of the Ikh Mongol sand is covered with plants.

This lake is located in the Govi-Altai province and it is surrounded by sand dunes. River Zavkhan flow into the lake. The lake covers an area of 4km2. The flowers growing on its shore and many flying birds over the lake make this lake incredibly beautiful. Locals call this the “Switzerland” of the Gobi. The lake Ereen has a special structure that does not allow it to be filled up with sand, even though it is located in the middle of the desert. On windy days however it looks like the sands are moving, the lake is still fresh and clear. When the people are thirsty, they assume the lake is a mirage because of the how this looks like. On very hot and dry summer days, it is amazing to see this deep blue fresh lake.

According to legend, 2 host children live in the lake. Early in the morning, at sunrise they play on top of the dunes. They immediately flee into the lake water when they see strangers. According to legend if you see those kids, it symbolizes that you will have good fortune in the future.

The monastery located in the center of the Gobi, when Buddhism spread in Mongolia in XIX century, yellow and red sect had a war and it is special that red sect developed during that period. Monastery was established in the 1820's by famous 19th century Mongolian educator and poet Danzanravjaa when he was 17 years old. According to a legend of the monastery, upland good man was helping to a poor people in that low land area where the monastery located. There are 3 three pieces’ tree mascot around the temple, where it protects three directions from the various attacks. Besides the religion, he devoted great efforts to the public education, established non religious public school to literate women and children, theatre, museum, and a library. Also he composed to perform a drama called “Saran khukhuu” for one month. None of the 700 temples were in Mongolia operating above mentioned activities.

Next to the monastery, there is a stupa called “Old man” built by copper from the Erdenet mining which was the, main leverage of Mongolian economy.  Inside of the stupa, tons of tea plants, 7 tons of juniper, and deity statues, red sect lama’s sculpture, 5 wall Mongolian furnished ger and silk were blessed mantra absorbed special power and put. In the north of the hilltop, there were an interesting rock called breast rock. Also, there were some special places with red small rocks where you sit or lay around to get energy from the world energy center or they call it “Shambala heaven”. Shambala mean intellectual enlightenment mental break selfishness basis. 108 stupas built around the area, if you come there before sunrise you will receive a good energy. In 1851, Danzanravjaa noble did tsam dancing (special religious ceremony dance) it is believed if someone did this kind of special ceremony it is realm to the Shambala heaven. Since this ceremony was held 166 years have passed. A strong flow of energy flowing around the temple every year, which is 50 thousand people, arrive every year.

Not very far from the Temple, there is a mountain fulfill their wish. It takes 300 m walk through the length and width of 2.6 meters.  Women and children walk up until the middle of the mountain, men walked up to the top and say prayers and offer the vodka for the good omens. Before 1930, top of the mountain had a hat spire adorned with the same crown jewel.Khan is the title given to this mountain, which researchers say there are about 120 mountain Honors degree in Mongolian.

Tourists visit there to pilgrimage and also seeks to revive the spirit energy. There are many things to see such as story of Educator reincarnates Lama, red sect temple energy point breast rock, wish mountain, old man stupa, sakura valley,  108 meditation stupa cave etc.

The people who study world history, know about Kharkhorin city. In 1206 Chinggis khaan established the Mongolian Great Empire and built the capital city of Kharkhorin. Researchers say Orkhon Valley  is Mongolian  geographic center and gene, and that Mongolian ancient tribes used to unite to focus to get the strength. "Kharkhorin" is the Uighur word meaning "dark brown dirt soil." Kharkhorin is surrounded by big walls, four palaces of Tumen amgalant had a green tile floor, a large tree sculpted of silver and other precious metals rose up from the middle of the courtyard and loomed over the palace, with the branches of the tree extended into the building. Silver fruit hung from the limbs and it had four golden serpents braided around the trunk, while within the top of the tree was placed a trumpet angel, all is performing for the emperor's pleasure.

The four corners of the gate had a trading market, shining monuments on the four turtle are in four corners, Christianity, Islamic, Buddhist religion, 12 Buddhist temples were settled  and artisan districts and traders were to the streets of major cities. In 1380, 1466 the Ming state attacked the city, since then it failed to recover but so far the glory of the name is not forgotten. In 1996, Mongolian and Japanese scientists did a detailed topographic and concluded that there is 100 years of research left. Even though Kharkhorin was the capital city of Mongolia, it was not the center that the kings used to make political policy. The captured people are Roman Pontifical Plano Carpini in 1246,  Wilgelm De Rubruk in 1253, Marco Polo who came to Kharkhorin near the Kubilai khaan  in 1271, made the Kharkhorin city famous in the world.

Every year 30,000 tourists visit Kharkhorin city to imagine ancient capital city as exist now. Visiting Kharkhorin is an amazing experience to feel an old world capital. You will wonder what is left and what is still exist.

1578 m above sea level, this mountain rock is situated on east bank of Kherlen River south from Mount Kherlenbayan Ulaan. The mountain has a unique natural formation and contains several caves, Bronze Age burials, 2 big round Khirigsuur and graves belong to the Hunnu period. In the mountain there is a rock with an inscription about fighting between Galdan Boshigt of Oirad and Enkh-Amgalan khan of Manchu. This is known as Mount Toono Inscription. In 1955 Kh.Perlee studied this inscription which explained the victory of Enkh-Amgalan khan over Galdan Boshigt after 5-days battle in 1696. It is clear that this inscription was carved in 12th of May, 1696. In the inscription it said “Galdan vamoosed… Perhaps he has reached Bayanulaan. I think I will not be late if I chase with a large force… Galdan, being in stranded position, fled at night leaving all his weapons, shields, dwelling belongings, ill person and small children… I chased after him with a large force till Mount Toono.

Caves are Common Natural creations which are one of the Basic Tourist Attraction on Mongolia. Caves as unique Natural Creations and rare exhibit have attracted researchers’ attention since early times. There is a survey indicating that there are 200 caves with more than 3 meter length. Another 80 might-be-caves have been recorded. These pits however are shut and if you listen to them you would hear minor sounds. The older the caves, the closer they are ground surface. On the contrary the younger caves are far away from ground surface. The most of the caves are poor in animals and plants. In most cases owners of the caves are bats. Some living beings tend to adapt to darkness in caves and stay to live there. For instance: crystal clear colored ants inhabit at Eregneg cave located in Tuv province.

The Khoid Tsenkher cave is famous for its rock arts and is wonderful domestic and international tourist destination. It is situated 25 kilometers away from Mankhan soum of Khovd Province. If you walk 7 kilometers up the Tsenkher River you will directly reach the Cave. The elevation of the Khoid Tsenkher Cave is 1571 meters above. This cave was first discovered in 1951 by O.Namnandorj who had great interest on rock art inside the Cave. Since then the Cave has come to public attention. By that time Russian Scholar A.P. Okladnikow placed high value on this discovery and named it “Valuable contribution to the development of the world science” Dr.D. Maidar, a Mongolian researcher described the rock arts be the most astonishing among the Stone age findings. The Khoid Tsenkher Cave looks like it has two entrances as the half of actual entrance is sealed with rocks, stones felling off the top and bird faces. The height of the Cave is 20 meters. There are a number of long domes hanging down the ceiling.

(Rock arts of an Artist from 30-40 thousand years ago) The walls and ceiling of the Cave have ancient rock arts. The artists must have worked hard to leave their wonderful creations to us. The rock arts had been created by using sharp-edged stones and coated with ocher and dazzle paints. The artists had used two colors in his creations: heavy and light pinkish. These Brilliant rock arts are considered the most ancient in Central Asia. The Scientists have observed unique aesthetics tradition out of the rock arts. Wild ox with sword-like horns, wild goats and sheep, horses, camels, elephants, snakes, ostrich-like birds etc which signify that Mongolia had once been a warmer country. This art confirms that Mongolian people had lived in the same era with ostrich.

These rock arts have been fingerprinted in many parts which tell us that the art may belong to Paleolithic era, during which people had used their finger to form rock art. Depiction of ox on rock is somewhat popular during primitive society in France and Spain. Spruces grown around the Cave area are very commonly seen at European old stone art. This means that outlook of the artists of Stone Age was similar with those of Europe. In this view, a conclusion that these rocks clearly demonstrate signs of formation of art of human being was suffered from devastating ice coverage which resulted in extinction of these animals. The rock arts have been speculated to have formed 30,000-40,000 years ago. Most interestingly, these rock arts depicting animals of that age never portrayed human beings.

Some archeologists have discovered extraordinary settlement and province of Paleolithic and Mesolithic Eras after Thorough research of the Khoid Tsenkher Cave and Surroundings. In light of this, we may refer to the Khoid Tsenkher Cave cultural and historical memory as the Cave itself along with findings from neighboring area involves a vast territory. Scientists consider that creation of art is specific to not only western part of Mongolia but in Central Asia and Eastern part of Mongolia. In 1996 the UNESCO has enlisted this amazing Cave into the World Heritage Tentative List.

The first study by Kh.Perlee in 1943 triggered off annual expeditions in 1960-1980. A research work on seal imprints of Rashaan Khad was produced. A research on the Bronze Age initiated in 1973-1974 by “Gurvan Gol” expedition group, but beginning from 1980-1981 Mongol-Soviet joint expedition continued the work. During the last expedition it was proved that the settlement had 4 layers which are 2.5-3.5m in depth and about 2500 stone tools, bones of several types of animals were found. The most significant find among them was a tusk of rhinoceros. People of the Paleolithic Era who lived around the Khentii range and Rashaan Khad had been making various flint tools in order to hunt a khulan, a mammoth and a rhino. This ancient lifestyle was depicted on the rock.

15000-8000 years ahead of time Central Asian climate changed dramatically and huge animals began to die out. This forced primitive people to hunt quicker and smaller animals. So, they came up with bow and arrow best fit to hunt these animals. During this period people also began to move or migrate more often. Stone tools of particular period which were found in Mongolia, especially those called Goviin Uldets by scholars, were also found in Siberia, Far East, North China, Korea, Hokkaido of Japan as well as Alaska of USA.

This 30km long, 20km wide steppe is situated south from Mountain Kherlenbayan Ulaan and west from Mountain Kherlen Toono in Khentii province. This is a historically important place where Ikh Khuraldai used to take place and Ugudei, Munkh, Yesuntumur khaans were enthroned as a king. There are several lakes including Lake Khuduu, Lake Toson, Lake Zamag and Lake Tsagaan. 7 small hills-Durvuljin, Suul, Ikh Ulaan Tolgoy, Baga Ulaan Tolgoy, Olon Ovoo and Takhilgat Gatsaa- are situated on a sunny side of Mountain Kherlenbayan. Scientists believe that the place called Doloon Boldog in book of The Secret History of Mongols refers to these 7 small hills.

In 1990, a 4m high Chinghis khaan’s monument was built for 750th anniversary of the book of “Secret History of Mongols”. Standing Chinghis khaan was depicted on a face of the monument and the end note of “Secret History of Mongols” was inscribed on the west side. On the east and north side, cavalrymen along with tribe seal imprints of that time were carved. There are some historical sight such as the Aurag city ruin in Rashaan Dersny Ukhaa and the Aurag spring to the south from the monument. “Khuduu Aral” tourist camp is located 11km north from the monument. Mountain Toono where Galdan Boshigt fought against the Manchurians, can be seen from southeast of Khuduu Aral. Mountain Kherlenbayan Ulaan is situated on northwest of it. Thus, Khuduu Aral was the safest place protected on all 4 sides surrounded by Mountain Kherlenbayan Ulaan, Mountain Toono, River Kherlen and River Sengur.

The national park is about 100 km south-west of Ulaanbaatar. Highest point is 1842 meters. There are over 10 pure water rivers, populations of Asian red deer, steppe gazelle, deer, boar, wild cat, wolf and lynx, 126 kinds or birds, 450 floras. In between 1992-2001 wild horse known as Takhi was reintroduced from Holland into Khustai National Park. A total of 84 Przewalski wild horses were brought 4 times. In the beginning of 1900s, wealthy zoo director from Hamburg in Germany came to Mongolia and bought 51 foals of wild horse and sold them to a wealthy people in Dutch, French, and America. Thus, Mongolian wild horses have been living in European countries since 1903. This wild horses exporting business was successful in Europe but Przewalski wild horses in Mongolia, motherland of wild horse, was extincted by 1960.

Now in Mongolia, there are nearly 350 numbers of wild horses. In order to protect the wild horses, Khustai Mountain became strictly protected area. Thus, many tourists like visiting the national park to see Przewalski's horses and another wild animal such as deer, marmot in the park.

Training Center of Mongolian Traditional Medicine, Manba Datsan, was established to provide the people with high quality and sufficient medical services and to develop the achievements of contemporary medicine, training treatment medicament's production research and study of traditional medicine within the frame of the state policy.

The training center of Mongolian traditional medicine, Manba Datsan, has many branches like the Medical Institute Otoch Manramba, the Hospital Manba Datsan, the Medicament factory Manba Datsan, Medical Temple, Assisting the Others, the Dogdolgunselling Monastery in Zamyn Uud, Dornogobi province, the International Complex of Training, Treatment and Tourism, Mass Media Unit, Association “The Children of Manla Buddha” and the Unit for the public.

This long sand dune is situated in the northeast of Flaming Cliffs which is 55km from “Juulchin Gobi” tourist camp in Bulgan Soum, Umnugobi province. If there is no “Khongoryn Els” in your itinerary, then you can visit Moltsog Els and go on a camelback trekking. After that you can also make a quick visit to the Flaming Cliffs and Shiree Shavar.

Dash Sandag, 89-year-old, is a meritorious worker of the Road Construction of Mongolia. When I was demobilized from the army in 1950, I was employed in the stone crushing and gravel preparing factory located at the place Uuliin Nuur (former name is Chuluun Toochig) and worked in charge for equipment and tools of the prisoners who prepared the stones by crushing them in this place and received those stones by measuring. Those prisoners were placed in semi-whole shelters named Zemlyak and they worked from 7 am to 9 pm. 12 pm – 13 pm, they made blasting and released the rocks and stones.

In this place, 1000 cubic meters of crushed stones were prepared by the force of the Japanese soldiers who were captured during the war of 1946 and those crushed stones were used for constructing the road on the west of the National University of Mongolia and 11,000 cubic meters of crushed stones required to construct the Sukhbaatar square were prepared in this place in 1946-1947. Moreover, when constructing the 15 km of long road from Central Post Office until the Airport, the gravels were taken from here. In the beginning, they made blasting, sometimes shot by the artillery to prepare and they collected the released stones using the forces and labors of many people.

They recognized the quality of the stones of this place and started using them so that there were good traffic road engineers and professionals were among the Japanese soldiers.

This Uighar capital ruin founded in 751 is situated on east bank of the Orkhon River, 15km northeast from Khotont Soum in Arkhangai province. After Uighar’s victory over Turkic empire in 745, Peilo became a new king of Uighar Empire. After his death, his son Moyunchur became Uighar king. During his reign, Uighar experienced the most flourishing time of its history and established the capital, Ordubalik, in Orkhon river valley.

Although over 10 cities were established during Uighar period, only two ruins of them (Ordubalik and Baibalik) were remained today. This city was a fortified castle and one of the main trade centers in Central Asia where Silk Road passed through. Ordubalik and Karakorum controlled northern branch of the Silk Road for over 400 years. Study on this city ruins proved that there were a state house, a state ministry, a cottage industry, trade districts, a religious temple, a fortified castle, a horse shed and a military warehouse in the city which stretches southwardly over 25km.

Decorated royal house remains were found inside the fortress during the excavation. In front of the fortress, there were a garden, a worship temple surrounded by a fortress and steles devoted to Uighar king with an inscription in Uighar and Chinese script in front of the temple. Many building traces on western and northwestern section of the city are supposed to be establishments which have formerly been used for a trade and a handicraft. Ordubalik was a big city. But it was not existed more than 100 years. In 840s, Kyrgizs from Yenisei River burned down the city. Khar Balgas was not only registered as an important historical site under state protection in 2002 but also recognized as a cultural landscape of the UNESCO World Heritage in 1996.

This castle ruin is situated near Mount Khaldunzurkh in a valley of Tuul River 20km northeast from Chin Tolgoyn Kherem in Dashinchilen Soum, Bulgan province. It was formerly a castle of Queen Madai Taigal, a mother of Prince Tsogt. This temple designed castle with a tiled roof was surrounded by several small fortresses. The fortress had a gate in the south.  There are many remains, perhaps, any settlement surrounding the castle. Therefore, it is said that many people inhabited around the castle. This castle was designed alike buildings in ancient capital Karakorum and there was a big library which is rich with Buddhist sutras and various kinds of books. In eastern hill of the castle, there was a turtle stone much same as that of Karakorum.

This hill is called Melkhiit. Currently, there are wall remains of building, a stone pedestal and a Stele. The inscription in Mongolian and Tibetan was about a construction work of the castle memorial started in 1601. And also it said that ”On western bank of Tuul River south of Mount Khaldunzurkh, 6 temples had been built over 17 years of time”. Buildings in this memorial were not restored well due to frequent fighting among domestic noblemen in 1627-1630. However, it was taken under state protection in 1971. This area in Tuul River valley is called Bor Bulan and it is never droughty in summer. Mount Zaamar, 20km northeast from the site, is a zone without harsh winter called zud. (A zud is a Mongolian term for an extremely snowy winter on which livestock are unable to find fodder through the snow cover, and large numbers of animals die due to starvation and the cold.) So, area around the castle is named as “Never droughty Bor Bulan, Toson Zaamar without zud”.

Prince Tsogt: He was born in 1581 becoming a son of Major Baarai, a direct descendent of Chinghis khaan’s golden lineage. Prince Tsogt was one of few educated people of the period who was literate via home schooling. He was a military man, a translator and a poet who follows a red sect of Buddhism and was also a persistent supporter of Ligden khan’s policy. He was recorded in history because he had been fighting for the independence of his country by leading 40,000 soldiers. He willy-nilly moved to Lake Khukh leaving home country being persecuted by noblemen who followed Manchu and joined with Ligden khan to fight against Manchu. He was died in a battle field in 1637.

History: Mongolian people have been using the Shargaljuut mineral water for thousands of year to cure their diseases. By the end of the 17th century, Dorjrinchin together with Mongolian and Tibetan therapist determined how to use over 50 kinds of mineral waters for curing diseases and announced it to the public. Not only Mongolians also foreigners including Chinese and Russians used to visit the Shargaljuut mineral water for treatments during the autonomous governance.  During the 18 and 19th centuries, famous monk Khalkha Zaya Bandita Luvsanperenlei authored the Shargaljuut mineral water treatment sutra. Moreover, in 1850, Undur Gegeen Zanabazar (1635-1723), the first Jebtsun dampa Khutukhtu and one of the great figures of Mongolian Buddhism wrote two books about rules to use the Shargaljuut mineral waters. Top ranking royalties and Buddhist monks Undur Gegeen Zanabazar, Lamyn Gegeen and Khutugtu Tserendorj as well as Sain Noyon Khan, Governor of Sain Noyon Khan Province, used to visit the Shargaljuut mineral water. So, it was named as the mineral water for nobilities.

Location: Shargaljuut spa resort located in the beautiful scenery place along the bank of Shargaljuut River in Erdenetsogt Soum of Baynkhongor province.
Height: Located in the mountain slope, elevated 2150m above sea level.
Establishment: Originally in 1954 by based on the Shargaljuut group of mineral water.
River: The Shargaljuut riffle flows throughout the 4 season of the year.
Climate: Four seasons in a year and by the effect of hot spring evaporation, climate is comparatively warm and humid.
Capacity: In summer, The Shargaljuut spa resort has capacity to serve 500 persons in a shift, in cold season, 300 persons in a shift. A Company owned 20 hectares of land, 10 hectare mineral deposit.  6-7 million liters of mineral water naturally flows a day.